ROME IV FGIDs | Chapter 2: Fundamentals of Neurogastroenterology: Basic Science

ROME IV FGIDs | Chapter 1: Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders and the Rome IV Process

ROME IV FGIDs | Chapter 3: Fundamentals of Neurogastroenterology: Physiology/Motility

Kollarik M, Ru F, Brozmanova M. Vagal afferent nerves with the properties of nociceptors. Auton Neurosci 2010;153:12-20.
Blackshaw LA, Brookes SJ, Grundy D, et al. Sensory transmission in the gastrointestinal tract. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2007;19:1-19.
Brierley SM, Linden DR. Neuroplasticity and dysfunction after gastrointestinal inflammation. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014;11:611-627.
Grundy D, Brookes SJ. Neural control of gastrointestinal function. San Rafael: Morgan & Claypool, 2011.
Bessou P, Perl ER. Amovement receptor of the small intestine. J Physiol 1966;182:404-426.
Morrison JF. Splanchnic slowly adapting mechanoreceptors with punctate receptive fields in the mesentery and gastrointestinal tract of the cat. J Physiol 1973;233:349-361.
Song X, Chen BN, Zagorodnyuk VP, et al. Identification of medium/high-threshold extrinsic mechanosensitive afferent nerves to the gastrointestinal tract. Gastroenterology 2009;137:274-284, 284 e271.
Holzer P. Efferent-like roles of afferent neurons in the gut: blood flow regulation and tissue protection. Auton Neurosci 2006;125:70-75.
Powley TL, Wang XY, Fox EA, et al. Ultrastructural evidence for communication between intramuscular vagal mechanoreceptors and interstitial cells of Cajal in the rat fundus. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2008;20:69-79.
Brookes SJ, Zagorodnyuk VP, Costa M. Mechanotransduction by vagal tension receptors in the upper gut. In: Undem B, Weinreich D, eds. Advances in Vagal Afferent Neurobiology. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2005.
Zagorodnyuk VP, Chen BN, Costa M, et al. Mechanotransduction by intraganglionic laminar endings of vagal tension receptors in the guinea-pig oesophagus. J Physiol 2003;553:575-587.
Zagorodnyuk VP, Brookes SJ. Transduction sites of vagal mechanoreceptors in the guinea pig esophagus. J Neurosci 2000;20:6249-6255.
Zagorodnyuk VP, Chen BN, Brookes SJ. Intraganglionic laminar endings are mechano-transduction sites of vagal tension receptors in the guinea-pig stomach. J Physiol 2001;534:255-268.
Lynn PA, Olsson C, Zagorodnyuk V, et al. Rectal intraganglionic laminar endings are transduction sites of extrinsic mechanoreceptors in the guinea pig rectum. Gastroenterology 2003;125:786-794.
Olsson C, Costa M, Brookes SJ. Neurochemical characterization of extrinsic innervation of the guinea pig rectum. J Comp Neurol 2004;470:357-371.
Brierley SM, Jones RC, 3rd, Gebhart GF, et al. Splanchnic and pelvic mechanosensory afferents signal different qualities of colonic stimuli in mice. Gastroenterology 2004;127:166-178.
Beyak MJ. Visceral afferents—determinants and modulation of excitability. Auton Neurosci 2010;153:69-78.
Basbaum AI, Bautista DM, Scherrer G, et al. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of pain. Cell 2009;139:267-284.
La JH, Schwartz ES, Gebhart GF. Differences in the expression of transient receptor potential channel V1, transient receptor potential channel A1 and mechanosensitive two pore-domain K+ channels between the lumbar splanchnic and pelvic nerve innervations of mouse urinary bladder and colon. Neuroscience 2011;186:179-187.
Jones RC, 3rd, Xu L, Gebhart GF. The mechanosensitivity of mouse colon afferent fibers and their sensitization by inflammatory mediators require transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 and acid-sensing ion channel 3. J Neurosci 2005;25:10981-10989.
Rong W, Hillsley K, Davis JB, et al. Jejunal afferent nerve sensitivity in wild-type and TRPV1 knockout mice. J Physiol 2004;560:867-881.
Brierley SM, Hughes PA, Page AJ, et al. The ion channel TRPA1 is required for normal mechanosensation and is modulated by algesic stimuli. Gastroenterology 2009;137:2084-2209.e2083.
Brierley SM, Page AJ, Hughes PA, et al. Selective role for TRPV4 ion channels in visceral sensory pathways. Gastroenterology 2008;134:2059-2069.
Cenac N, Altier C, Chapman K, et al. Transient receptor potential vanilloid-4 has a major role in visceral hypersensitivity symptoms. Gastroenterology 2008;135:937-946, 946.e1-2.
Cenac N, Altier C, Motta JP, et al. Potentiation of TRPV4 signalling by histamine and serotonin: an important mechanism for visceral hypersensitivity. Gut 2010;59:481-488.
Grant AD, Cottrell GS, Amadesi S, et al. Protease-activated receptor 2 sensitizes the transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 ion channel to cause mechanical hyperalgesia in mice. J Physiol 2007;578:715-733.
Sipe WE, Brierley SM, Martin CM, et al. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 mediates protease activated receptor 2-induced sensitization of colonic afferent nerves and visceral hyperalgesia. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2008;294:G1288-G1298.
Page AJ, Brierley SM, Martin CM, et al. Different contributions of ASIC channels 1a, 2, and 3 in gastrointestinal mechanosensory function. Gut 2005;54:1408-1415.
Glatzle J, Sternini C, Robin C, et al. Expression of 5-HT3 receptors in the rat gastrointestinal tract. Gastroenterology 2002;123:217-226.
Mawe GM, Hoffman JM. Serotonin signalling in the gut—functions, dysfunctions and therapeutic targets. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013;10:473-486.
Wheatcroft J, Wakelin D, Smith A, et al. Enterochromaffin cell hyperplasia and decreased serotonin transporter in a mouse model of postinfectious bowel dysfunction. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2005;17:863-870.
Wynn G, Rong W, Xiang Z, et al. Purinergic mechanisms contribute to mechanosensory transduction in the rat colorectum. Gastroenterology 2003;125:1398-1409.
Rong W, Keating C, Sun B, et al. Purinergic contribution to small intestinal afferent hypersensitivity in a murine model of postinfectious bowel disease. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2009;21:665-671, e32.
Berthoud HR. Paying the price for eating ice cream: is excessive GLP-1 signaling in the brain the culprit? Endocrinology 2008;149:4765-4767.
Young RL, Sutherland K, Pezos N, et al. Expression of taste molecules in the upper gastrointestinal tract in humans with and without type 2 diabetes. Gut 2009;58:337-346.
Richards W, Hillsley K, Eastwood C, et al. Sensitivity of vagal mucosal afferents to cholecystokinin and its role in afferent signal transduction in the rat. J Physiol 1996;497 (Pt 2):473-481.
Whited KL, Tso P, Raybould HE. Involvement of apolipoprotein A-IV and cholecystokinin1 receptors in exogenous peptide YY3 36-induced stimulation of intestinal feedback. Endocrinology 2007;148:4695-4703.
Liou AP, Lu X, Sei Y, et al. The G-protein-coupled receptor GPR40 directly mediates long-chain fatty acid-induced secretion of cholecystokinin. Gastroenterology 2011;140:903-912.
Tanaka T, Katsuma S, Adachi T, et al. Free fatty acids induce cholecystokinin secretion through GPR120. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2008;377:523-527.
Ratcliffe EM, Farrar NR, Fox EA. Development of the vagal innervation of the gut: steering the wandering nerve. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2011;23:898-911.
Liu Y, Ma Q. Generation of somatic sensory neuron diversity and implications on sensory coding. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2011;21:52-60.
Malin S, Molliver D, Christianson JA, et al. TRPV1 and TRPA1 function and modulation are target tissue dependent. J Neurosci 2011;31:10516-10528.
Fang X, Djouhri L, McMullan S, et al. trkA is expressed in nociceptive neurons and influences electrophysiological properties via Nav1.8 expression in rapidly conducting nociceptors. J Neurosci 2005;25:4868-4878.
Stewart T, Beyak MJ, Vanner S. Ileitis modulates potassium and sodium currents in guinea pig dorsal root ganglia sensory neurons. J Physiol 2003;552:797-807.
Vergnolle N. Postinflammatory visceral sensitivity and pain mechanisms. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2008;20 Suppl 1:73-80.
Woolf CJ. Central sensitization: implications for the diagnosis and treatment of pain. Pain 2011;152:S2-S15.
Chandler MJ, Zhang J, Foreman RD. Vagal, sympathetic and somatic sensory inputs to upper cervical (C1-C3) spinothalamic tract neurons in monkeys. J Neurophysiol 1996;76:2555-2567.
Mayer EA, Naliboff BD, Craig AD. Neuroimaging of the brain-gut axis: from basic understanding to treatment of functional GI disorders. Gastroenterology 2006;131:1925-1942.
Brumovsky PR, Gebhart GF. Visceral organ cross-sensitization—an integrated perspective. Auton Neurosci 2010;153:106-115.
Willis WD, Al-Chaer ED, Quast MJ, et al. A visceral pain pathway in the dorsal column of the spinal cord. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999;96:7675-7679.
Millan MJ. Descending control of pain. Prog Neurobiol 2002;66:355-474.
Suzuki R, Rygh LJ, Dickenson AH. Bad news from the brain: descending 5-HT pathways that control spinal pain processing. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2004;25:613-617.
Kozlowski CM, Green A, Grundy D, et al. The 5-HT(3) receptor antagonist alosetron inhibits the colorectal distention induced depressor response and spinal c-fos expression in the anaesthetised rat. Gut 2000;46:474-480.
Mayer EA, Aziz Q, Coen S, et al. Brain imaging approaches to the study of functional GI disorders: a Rome working team report. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2009;21:579-596.
Fornasari D. Pain mechanisms in patients with chronic pain. Clin Drug Investig 2012;32(Suppl 1):45-52.
Latremoliere A, Woolf CJ. Central sensitization: a generator of pain hypersensitivity by central neural plasticity. J Pain 2009;10:895-926.
Braz J, Solorzano C, Wang X, et al. Transmitting pain and itch messages: a contemporary view of the spinal cord circuits that generate gate control. Neuron 2014;82:522-536.
Saab CY. Pain-related changes in the brain: diagnostic and therapeutic potentials. Trends Neurosci 2012;35:629-637.
Staud R. Abnormal endogenous pain modulation is a shared characteristic of many chronic pain conditions. Expert Rev Neurother 2012;12:577-585.
Heinricher MM, Tavares I, Leith JL, et al. Descending control of nociception: specificity, recruitment and plasticity. Brain Res Rev 2009;60:214-225.
Myers B, Greenwood-Van Meerveld B. Role of anxiety in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome: importance of the amygdala. Front Neurosci 2009;3:47.
Johnson AC, Myers B, Lazovic J, et al. Brain activation in response to visceral stimulation in rats with amygdala implants of corticosterone: an FMRI study. PLoS One 2010;5:e8573.
Keszthelyi D, Troost FJ, Masclee AA. Irritable bowel syndrome: methods, mechanisms, and pathophysiology. Methods to assess visceral hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2012;303:G141-G154.
Wood JD. Enteric nervous system (the brain-in-the-gut). San Rafael: Morgan & Claypool, 2011.
Bornstein JC, Gwynne RM, Sjovall H. Enteric neural regulation of mucosal secretion. San Diego: Elsevier Academic Press, 2012.
Wood JD. Electrical activity of the intestine of mice with hereditary megacolon and absence of enteric ganglion cells. Am J Dig Dis 1973;18:477-488.
Wood JD. Integrative functions of the enteric nervous system. San Diego: Elsevier, 2012.
Brann L, Wood JD. Motility of the large intestine of piebald-lethal mice. Am J Dig Dis 1976;21:633-640.
Weisbrodt NW, Christensen J. Electrical activity of the cat duodenum in fasting and vomiting. Gastroenterology 1972;63:1004-1010.
Marder E, Bucher D. Central pattern generators and the control of rhythmic movements. Curr Biol 2001;11:R986-R996.
Wood JD. Enteric nervous system: reflexes, pattern generators and motility. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2008;24:149-158.
Frieling T, Palmer JM, Cooke HJ, et al. Neuroimmune communication in the submucous plexus of guinea pig colon after infection with Trichinella spiralis. Gastroenterology 1994;107:1602-1609.
Wang YZ, Cooke HJ. H2 receptors mediate cyclical chloride secretion in guinea pig distal colon. Am J Physiol 1990;258:G887-G893.
Weems WA, Seidel ER, Johnson LR. Induction in vitro of a specific pattern of jejunal propulsive behavior by cholecystokinin. Am J Physiol 1985;248:G470-G478.
Bullock TH, Horridge GA. Structure and function in the nervous systems of invertebrates. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman, 1965.
Harris-Warrick RM, Johnson BR, Peck JH, et al. Distributed effects of dopamine modulation in the crustacean pyloric network. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1998;860:155-167.
Katz PS, Harris-Warrick RM. Actions of identified neuromodulatory neurons in a simple motor system. Trends Neurosci 1990;13:367-373.
Sarna SK. Giant migrating contractions and their myoelectric correlates in the small intestine. Am J Physiol 1987;253:G697-G705.
Wood JD. Effects of bacteria on the enteric nervous system: implications for the irritable bowel syndrome. J Clin Gastroenterol 2007;41 Suppl 1:S7-S19.
Grundy D, Al-Chaer ED, Aziz Q, et al. Fundamentals of neurogastroenterology: basic science. Gastroenterology 2006;130:1391-1411.
Sanders KM, Koh SD, Ro S, et al. Regulation of gastrointestinal motility—insights from smooth muscle biology. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012;9:633-645.
Sanders KM, Ward SM, Koh SD. Interstitial cells: regulators of smooth muscle function. Physiol Rev 2014;94:859-907.
Farrugia G. Interstitial cells of Cajal in health and disease. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2008;20 Suppl 1:54-63.
Kindt S, Tack J. Mechanisms of serotonergic agents for treatment of gastrointestinal motility and functional bowel disorders. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2007;19(Suppl 2):32-39.
Foley KF, Pantano C, Ciolino A, et al. IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha decrease serotonin transporter function and expression in Caco2 cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2007;292:G779-G784.
Costedio MM, Coates MD, Brooks EM, et al. Mucosal serotonin signaling is altered in chronic constipation but not in opiate-induced constipation. Am J Gastroenterol 2010;105:1173-1180.
Furness JB, Kunze WA, Bertrand PP, et al. Intrinsic primary afferent neurons of the intestine. Prog Neurobiol 1998;54:1-18.
Linden DR, Sharkey KA, Ho W, et al. Cyclooxygenase-2 contributes to dysmotility and enhanced excitability of myenteric AH neurones in the inflamed guinea pig distal colon. J Physiol 2004;557:191-205.
Manning BP, Sharkey KA, Mawe GM. Effects of PGE2 in guinea pig colonic myenteric ganglia. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2002;283:G1388-G1397.
Khoshdel A, Verdu EF, Kunze W, et al. Bifidobacterium longum NCC3001 inhibits AH neuron excitability. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2013;25:e478-e484.
Mao YK, Kasper DL, Wang B, et al. Bacteroides fragilis polysaccharide A is necessary and sufficient for acute activation of intestinal sensory neurons. Nat Commun 2013;4:1465.
Krauter EM, Linden DR, Sharkey KA, et al. Synaptic plasticity in myenteric neurons of the guinea-pig distal colon: presynaptic mechanisms of inflammation-induced synaptic facilitation. J Physiol 2007;581:787-800.
Linden DR, Sharkey KA, Mawe GM. Enhanced excitability of myenteric AH neurones in the inflamed guinea-pig distal colon. J Physiol 2003;547:589-601.
Lomax AE, Fernandez E, Sharkey KA. Plasticity of the enteric nervous system during intestinal inflammation. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2005;17:4-15.
Strong DS, Cornbrooks CF, Roberts JA, et al. Purinergic neuromuscular transmission is selectively attenuated in ulcerated regions of inflamed guinea pig distal colon. J Physiol 2010;588:847-859.
Roberts JA, Durnin L, Sharkey KA, et al. Oxidative stress disrupts purinergic neuromuscular transmission in the inflamed colon. J Physiol 2013;591:3725-3737.
Mawe GM. Colitis-induced neuroplasticity disrupts motility in the inflamed and post-inflamed colon. J Clin Invest 2015;125:949-955.
Hoffman JM, McKnight ND, Sharkey KA, et al. The relationship between inflammation-induced neuronal excitability and disrupted motor activity in the guinea pig distal colon. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2011;23:673-e279.
Krauter EM, Strong DS, Brooks EM, et al. Changes in colonic motility and the electrophysiological properties of myenteric neurons persist following recovery from trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid colitis in the guinea pig. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2007;19:990-1000.
Lomax AE, O’Hara JR, Hyland NP, et al. Persistent alterations to enteric neural signaling in the guinea pig colon following the resolution of colitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2007;292:G482-G491.
Chen Z, Suntres Z, Palmer J, et al. Cyclic AMP signaling contributes to neural plasticity and hyperexcitability in AH sensory neurons following intestinal Trichinella spiralis-induced inflammation. Int J Parasitol 2007;37:743-761.
Dustin ML. Signaling at neuro/immune synapses. J Clin Invest 2012;122:1149-1155.
Qiu Y, Yang Y, Yang H. The unique surface molecules on intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes: from tethering to recognizing. Dig Dis Sci 2014;59:520-529.
Abadie V, Discepolo V, Jabri B. Intraepithelial lymphocytes in celiac disease immunopathology. Semin Immunopathol 2012;34:551-566.
Qiu Y, Yang H. Effects of intraepithelial lymphocyte-derived cytokines on intestinal mucosal barrier function. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2013;33:551-562.
Fuchs A, Colonna M. Innate lymphoid cells in homeostasis, infection, chronic inflammation and tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2013;29:581-587.
Guo L, Junttila IS, Paul WE. Cytokine-induced cytokine production by conventional and innate lymphoid cells. Trends Immunol 2012;33:598-606.
Philip NH, Artis D. New friendships and old feuds: relationships between innate lymphoid cells and microbial communities. Immunol Cell Biol 2013;91:225-231.
Pacheco R, Contreras F, Prado CE. Cells, molecules and mechanisms involved in the neuro-immune interaction. INTECH Open Access Publisher, 2012.
Nijhuis LE, Olivier BJ, de Jonge WJ. Neurogenic regulation of dendritic cells in the intestine. Biochem Pharmacol 2010;80:2002-2008.
Pacheco R, Riquelme E, Kalergis AM. Emerging evidence for the role of neurotransmitters in the modulation of T cell responses to cognate ligands. Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem 2010;10:65-83.
Pacheco R, Prado CE, Barrientos MJ, et al. Role of dopamine in the physiology of T-cells and dendritic cells. J Neuroimmunol 2009;216:8-19.
Profita M, Riccobono L, Montalbano AM, et al. In vitro anticholinergic drugs affect CD8+ peripheral blood T-cells apoptosis in COPD. Immunobiology 2012;217:345-353.
Schemann M, Camilleri M. Functions and imaging of mast cell and neural axis of the gut. Gastroenterology 2013;144:698-704, e694.
Buhner S, Schemann M. Mast cell-nerve axis with a focus on the human gut. Biochim Biophys Acta 2012;1822:85-92.
Hazeldine J, Harris P, Chapple IL, et al. Impaired neutrophil extracellular trap formation: a novel defect in the innate immune system of aged individuals. Aging Cell 2014;13:690-698.
Jacob SS, Shastry P, Sudhakaran PR. Monocyte-macrophage differentiation in vitro: modulation by extracellular matrix protein substratum. Mol Cell Biochem 2002;233:9-17.
Smyth CM, Akasheh N, Woods S, et al. Activated eosinophils in association with enteric nerves in inflammatory bowel disease. PLoS One 2013;8:e64216.
Bauer AJ, Boeckxstaens GE. Mechanisms of postoperative ileus. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2004;16(Suppl 2):54-60.
Zhao A, Urban JF, Jr., Anthony RM, et al. Th2 cytokine-induced alterations in intestinal smooth muscle function depend on alternatively activated macrophages. Gastroenterology 2008;135:217-225, e211.
de Jonge WJ. The gut’s little brain in control of intestinal immunity. ISRN Gastroenterol 2013:630159.
McLean LP, Smith A, Cheung L, et al. Type 3 muscarinic receptors contribute to clearance of Citrobacter rodentium. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2015;21:1860-1871.
Grailer JJ, Haggadone MD, Sarma JV, et al. Induction of M2 regulatory macrophages through the beta2-adrenergic receptor with protection during endotoxemia and acute lung injury. J Innate Immun 2014;6:607-618.
Zhao A, Morimoto M, Dawson H, et al. Immune regulation of protease-activated receptor-1 expression in murine small intestine during Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection. J Immunol 2005;175:2563-2569.
Zhao A, Urban JF, Jr., Morimoto M, et al. Contribution of 5-HT2A receptor in nematode infection-induced murine intestinal smooth muscle hypercontractility. Gastroenterology 2006;131:568-578.
Bosmann M, Ward PA. The inflammatory response in sepsis. Trends Immunol 2013;34:129-136.
Ghia JE, Blennerhassett P, Kumar-Ondiveeran H, et al. The vagus nerve: a tonic inhibitory influence associated with inflammatory bowel disease in a murine model. Gastroenterology 2006;131:1122-1130.
The FO, Boeckxstaens GE, Snoek SA, et al. Activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway ameliorates postoperative ileus in mice. Gastroenterology 2007;133:1219-1228.
Rosas-Ballina M, Olofsson PS, Ochani M, et al. Acetylcholine-synthesizing T cells relay neural signals in a vagus nerve circuit. Science 2011;334:98-101.
Cailotto C, Gomez-Pinilla PJ, Costes LM, et al. Neuro-anatomical evidence indicating indirect modulation of macrophages by vagal efferents in the intestine but not in the spleen. PLoS One 2014;9:e87785.
Matteoli G, Gomez-Pinilla PJ, Nemethova A, et al. A distinct vagal anti-inflammatory pathway modulates intestinal muscularis resident macrophages independent of the spleen. Gut 2014;63:938-948.
Straub RH, Grum F, Strauch U, et al. Anti-inflammatory role of sympathetic nerves in chronic intestinal inflammation. Gut 2008;57:911-921.
Blair PJ, Rhee PL, Sanders KM, et al. The significance of interstitial cells in neurogastroenterology. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2014;20:294-317.
Wouters MM, Farrugia G, Schemann M. 5-HT receptors on interstitial cells of Cajal, smooth muscle and enteric nerves. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2007;19 Suppl 2:5-12.
Poole DP, Amadesi S, Veldhuis NA, et al. Protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) protein and