ROME IV FGIDs | Chapter 7: Multicultural Aspects of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders

ROME IV FGIDs | Chapter 6: Age, Gender, and Women’s Health and the Patient

ROME IV FGIDs | Chapter 8: Biopsychosocial Aspects of FGIDs

Toner BB, Chang L, Fukudo S, et al. Gender, age, society, culture and the patient’s perespective. In: Drossman DA, Corazziari E, Delvaux M, et al., eds. The functional gastrointestinal disorder. 3rd ed. McLean (VA): Degnon Associates Inc., 2006:231–294.
Chang L, Toner BB, Fukudo S, et al. Gender, age, society, culture, and the patient’s perspective in the functional gastrointestinal disorders. Gastroenterology 2006;130:1435–1446.
Schmulson M, Corazziari E, Ghoshal UC, et al. A four-country comparison of healthcare systems, implementation of diagnostic criteria, and treatment availability for functional gastrointestinal disorders: a report of the Rome Foundation Working Team on cross-cultural, multinational research. Neurogastroent Motil 2014;26:1368–1385.
Sperber AD, Gwee K-A, Hungin AP, et al. Conducting multinational, cross-cultural research in the functional gastrointestinal disorders: issues and recommendations. A Rome Foundation working team report. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2014;40:1094–1102.
Sperber AD, Gwee K-A, Hungin AP, et al. Conducting multinational, cross-cultural research in the functional GI disorders and fostering multinational research networks. Available at: http://www.romecriteria.org/committees/WorkingTeamFinalReport_Jan%202014.pdf.
Sperber AD, Drossman DA, Quigley EM. The global perspective on irritable bowel syndrome: a Rome Foundation-World Gastroenterology Organisation symposium. Am J Gastroenterol 2012;107:1602–1609.
Leininger M. Qualitative research methods in nursing. Orlando (FL): Grune & Stratton, 1985.
Ballard R. Race, culture and ethnicity. In: Holborn M, ed. New developments in sociology. Ormskirk (UK): The Causeway Press, 2002:1–44.
Jones CP. Invited commentary: “race,” racism, and the practice of epidemiology. Am J Epidemiol 2001;154:299–304.
Omohundro JT. Thinking like an anthropologist: a practical introduction to cultural anthropology. Boston: McGraw Hill, 2008.
Kleinman A, Eisenberg L, Good B. Culture, illness, and care: clinical lessons from anthropologic and cross-cultural research. Ann Intern Med 1978;88:251–258.
Levy RI, Whitehead WE, Von Korff MR, et al. Intergenerational transmission of gastrointestinal illness behavior. Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95:451–456.
Thompson WG. The road to Rome. Gastroenterology 2006;130:1552–1556.
Aaron LA, Buchwald D. A review of the evidence for overlap among unexplained clinical conditions. Ann Intern Med 2001;134:868–881.
Kirmayer LJ, Sartorius N. Cultural models and somatic syndromes. Psychosom Med 2007;69:832–840.
Sharpe M, Carson A. “Unexplained” somatic symptoms, functional syndromes, and somatization: do we need a paradigm shift? Ann Intern Med 2001;134:926–930.
Sperber AD, Atzmon Y, Neumann L, et al. Fibromyalgia in the irritable bowel syndrome: studies of prevalence and clinical implications. Am J Gastroenterol 1999;94:3541–3546.
Kang JY. Systematic review: the influence of geography and ethnicity in irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005;21:663–676.
Makharia GK, Verma AK, Amarchand R, et al. Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome: a community based study from northern India. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2011;17:82–87.
Ho KY, Kang JY, Seow A. Prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms in a multiracial Asian population, with particular reference to reflux-type symptoms. Am J Gastroenterol 1998;93:1816–1822.
Hu WH, Wong WM, Lam CL, et al. Anxiety but not depression determines health care-seeking behaviour in Chinese patients with dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome: a population-based study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2002;16:2081–2088.
Danivat D, Tankeyoon M, Sriratanaban A. Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in a non-Western population. Brit Med J 1988;296:1710.
Longstreth GF, Wolde-Tsadik G. Irritable bowel-type symptoms in HMO examinees. Prevalence, demographics, and clinical correlates. Dig Dis Sci 1993;38:1581–1589.
Bi-Zhen W, Qi-Ying P. Functional bowel disorders in apparently healthy Chinese people. Chinese Journal of Epidemiology 1988;9:345–349.
Massarrat S, Saberi-Firoozi M, Soleimani A, et al. Peptic ulcer disease, irritable bowel syndrome and constipation in two populations in Iran. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1995;7:427–433.
Jahangiri P, Jazi MS, Keshteli AH, et al. Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Iran: SEPAHAN Systematic Review No. 1. Int J Prev Med 2012;3 (Suppl 1):S1–S9.
Masud MA, Hasan M, Azad Khan AK. Irritable bowel syndrome in a rural community in Bangladesh: prevalence, symptoms pattern, and health care seeking behavior. Am J Gastroenterol 2001;96:1547–1552.
Zhao Y, Zou D, Wang R, et al. Dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome in China: a population-based endoscopy study of prevalence and impact. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010;32:562–572.
Dong YY, Zuo XL, Li CQ, et al. Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in Chinese college and university students assessed using Rome III criteria. World J Gastroenterol 2010;16:4221–4226.
Ghannadi K, Emami R, Bashashati M, et al. Irritable bowel syndrome: an epidemiological study from the west of Iran. Indian J Gastroentrol 2005;24:225–226.
Gwee KA, Wee S, Wong ML, et al. The prevalence, symptom characteristics, and impact of irritable bowel syndrome in an Asian urban community. Am J Gastroenterol 2004;99:924–931.
Miwa H. Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in Japan: Internet survey using Rome III criteria. Patient Prefer Adher 2008;2:143–147.
Boyce PM, Koloski NA, Talley NJ. Irritable bowel syndrome according to varying diagnostic criteria: are the new Rome II criteria unnecessarily restrictive for research and practice? Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95:3176–3183.
Hungin AP, Whorwell PJ, Tack J, et al. The prevalence, patterns and impact of irritable bowel syndrome: an international survey of 40,000 subjects. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2003;17:643–650.
Gwee KA, Lu CL, Ghoshal UC. Epidemiology of irritable bowel syndrome in Asia: something old, something new, something borrowed. J Gastroen Hepatol 2009;24:1601–1607.
Lopez-Colombo A, Morgan D, Bravo-Gonzalez D, et al. The epidemiology of functional gastrointestinal disorders in Mexico: a population-based study. Gastroent Res Pract 2012;2012:606174.
Gwee KA. Irritable bowel syndrome in developing countries—a disorder of civilization or colonization? Neurogastroent Motil 2005;17:317–324.
Schmulson M, Ortiz O, Santiago-Lomeli M, et al. Frequency of functional bowel disorders among healthy volunteers in Mexico City. Digestive Dis 2006;24:342–347.
Sime WE, Rossi AM, Lubbers CA. Incidence of stress-related disorders among American and Brazilian men and women. Int J Psychosom 1990;37:62–67.
Lovell RM, Ford AC. Global prevalence of and risk factors for irritable bowel syndrome: a meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol H 2012;10:712–721.
Schmulson M, Lopez-Colombo A. Epidemiology of irritable bowel syndrome. In: Simren M, Tornblom H, eds. Irritable bowel syndrome: diagnosis & management. 1st ed. London: Future Medicine Ltd, 2013:5–20.
Bommelaer G, Dorval E, Denis P, et al. Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in the French population according to the Rome I criteria. Gastroen Clin Biol 2002;26:1118–1123.
Khoshkrood-Mansoori B, Pourhoseingholi MA, Safaee A, et al. Irritable bowel syndrome: a population based study. J Gastrointest Liver 2009;18:413–418.
Yao X, Yang YS, Cui LH, et al. Subtypes of irritable bowel syndrome on Rome III criteria: a multicenter study. J Gastroen Hepatol 2012;27:760–765.
Suares NC, Ford AC. Prevalence of, and risk factors for, chronic idiopathic constipation in the community: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 2011;106:1582–1591.
Remes Troche JM, Tamayo de la Cuesta JL, Rana Garibay R, et al. Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of constipation in Mexico. A) Epidemiology (meta-analysis of the prevalence), pathophysiology and classification. Rev Gastroenterl Mex 2011;76:126–132.
Lee CT, Chuang TY, Lu CL, et al. Abnormal vagal cholinergic function and psychological behaviors in irritable bowel syndrome patients: a hospital-based Oriental study. Dig Dis Sci 1998;43:1794–1799.
Lips H. Sex and gender. Mountain View (CA): Mayfield Publishing, 1997.
Pimparkar BD. Irritable colon syndrome. J Indian Med Assoc 1970;54:95–105.
Bordie AK. Functional disorders of the colon. J Indian Med Assoc 1972;58:451–456.
Ghoshal UC, Abraham P, Bhatt C, et al. Epidemiological and clinical profile of irritable bowel syndrome in India: report of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology Task Force. Indian J Gastroentrol 2008;27:22–28.
Shinozaki M, Fukudo S, Hongo M, et al. High prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in medical outpatients in Japan. J Clin Gastroenterol 2008;42:1010–1016.
Madrid-Silva AM, Defilippi-Caffri C, Landskron-Ramos G, et al. The prevalence of irritable bowel symptoms in a population of shopping mall visitors in Santiago de Chile. Rev Gastroenterl Mex 2013;78:203–210.
Ahlawat SK, Cuddihy MT, Locke GR, 3rd. Gender-related differences in dyspepsia: a qualitative systematic review. Gender Med 2006;3:31–42.
Rahim-Williams FB, Riley JL, 3rd, Herrera D, et al. Ethnic identity predicts experimental pain sensitivity in African Americans and Hispanics. Pain 2007;129:177–184.
Rahim-Williams B, Riley JL, 3rd, Williams AK, et al. A quantitative review of ethnic group differences in experimental pain response: do biology, psychology, and culture matter? Pain Med 2012;13:522–540.
Edwards RR, Moric M, Husfeldt B, et al. Ethnic similarities and differences in the chronic pain experience: a comparison of African American, Hispanic, and white patients. Pain Med 2005;6:88–98.
Morris DB. Ethnicity and pain. Pain 2001;9:1–8.
Phinney JS. The multigroup ethnic identity measure: a new scale for use with diverse groups. Adolescent Research 1992;7:156–176.
Bates MS, Edwards WT, Anderson KO. Ethnocultural influences on variation in chronic pain perception. Pain 1993;52:101–112.
Gerson CD, Gerson MJ, Awad RA, et al. Irritable bowel syndrome: an international study of symptoms in eight countries. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008;20:659–667.
Zola I. Culture and symptoms: an analysis of patients’ presenting complaints. Am Soc Rev 1966;31:615–630.
Quigley EM, Abdel-Hamid H, Barbara G, et al. A global perspective on irritable bowel syndrome: a consensus statement of the World Gastroenterology Organisation Summit Task Force on irritable bowel syndrome. J Clin Gastroenterol 2012;46:356–366.
Zuckerman MJ, Guerra LG, Drossman DA, et al. Health-care-seeking behavior related to bowel complaints. Hispanics versus non-Hispanic whites. Dig Dis Sci 1996;41:77–82.
Zuckerman MJ, Guerra LG, Drossman DA, et al. Comparison of bowel patterns in Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites. Dig Dis Sci 1995;40:1763–1769.
Soares RL, dos Santos JM, Rocha VR. Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in a Brazilian Amazon community. Neurogastroent Motil 2005;17:883.
Gerson MJ, Gerson CD, Awad RA, et al. An international study of irritable bowel syndrome: family relationships and mind-body attributions. Soc Sci Med 2006;62:2838–2847.
Levenstein S, Li Z, Almer S, et al. Cross-cultural variation in disease-related concerns among patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2001;96:1822–1830.
Gerson CD, Gerson MJ, Chang L, et al. A cross-cultural investigation of attachment style, catastrophizing, negative pain beliefs, and symptom severity in irritable bowel syndrome. Neurogastroent Motil 2015;27:490–500.
Gerson M-J, Gerson C, Chang L, et al. A multi-national investigation of attachment, catastrophizing and negative pain beliefs in irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroent Res Pract 2013;144 (Suppl. 1):S-264.
Callister LC. Cultural influences on pain perceptions and behaviors. Home Health Care Manag Pract 2003;15:207–211.
Stedman TL. Stedman’s medical dictionary. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2000.
Whorwell PJ. Unraveling functional abdominal bloating and distension: the role of thoraco-abdominal accommodation and a physical sign to aid its detection. Neurogastroent Motil 2012;24:301–304.
Gwee KA, Bak YT, Ghoshal UC, et al. Asian consensus on irritable bowel syndrome. J Gastroen Hepatol 2010;25:1189–1205.
Drossman DA. Severe and refractory chronic abdominal pain: treatment strategies. Clin Gastroenterol H 2008;6:978–982.
Sach J, Bolus R, Fitzgerald L, et al. Is there a difference between abdominal pain and discomfort in moderate to severe IBS patients? Am J Gastroenterol 2002;97:3131–3138.
Spiegel BM, Bolus R, Agarwal N, et al. Measuring symptoms in the irritable bowel syndrome: development of a framework for clinical trials. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010;32:1275–1291.
Lu CL, Lang HC, Chang FY, et al. Prevalence and health/social impacts of functional dyspepsia in Taiwan: a study based on the Rome criteria questionnaire survey assisted by endoscopic exclusion among a physical check-up population. Scand J Gastroentero 2005;40:402–411.
Pan G, Lu S, Ke M, et al. Epidemiologic study of the irritable bowel syndrome in Beijing: stratified randomized study by cluster sampling. Chinese Med J-Peking 2000;113:35–39.
Lau EM, Chan FK, Ziea ET, et al. Epidemiology of irritable bowel syndrome in Chinese. Dig Dis Sci 2002;47:2621–2624.
Lewis SJ, Heaton KW. Stool form scale as a useful guide to intestinal transit time. Scand J Gastroentero 1997;32:920–924.
Carruthers HR, Morris J, Tarrier N, et al. Reactivity to images in health and irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010;31:131–142.
Schmulson M. Understanding bloating and distension: International Foundation for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (IFFGD), 2013.
Sperber AD. The challenge of cross-cultural, multi-national research: potential benefits in the functional gastrointestinal disorders. Neurogastroent Motil 2009;21:351–360.
Drossman DA. The functional gastrointestinal disorders and the Rome III process. Gastroenterology 2006;130:1377–1390.
Grimm ER, Steinle NI. Genetics of eating behavior: established and emerging concepts. Nutr Rev 2011;69:52–60.
Mayer EA, Naliboff BD. Neuroimaging of the brain-gut axis: from basic understanding to treatment of functional GI disorders. Gastroenterology 2006;131:1925–1942.
Pourahmad J. History of medical sciences in Iran. Iran J Pharm Res 2008;7:93–99.
Drossman DA, Weinland SR. Commentary: sociocultural factors in medicine and gastrointestinal research. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008;20:593–595.
Helman CG. Culture, health and illness. Guildford, Surrey (UK): Wright, 1990.
Chen SC, Du D, Ma Y, et al. Clinical study on herbal cone-partitioned moxibustion for irritable bowel syndrome due to spleen-qi deficiency. J Acupunct Tuina Sci 2011;9:265–268.
Stuardi T, MacPherson H. Acupuncture for irritable bowel syndrome: diagnosis and treatment of patients in a pragmatic trial. J Altern Complement Med 2012;18:1021–1027.
Wang W, Fang X, Zhu L, et al. A survey on relationships between foods and symptoms of patients with irritable bowel syndrome [Chinese with English abstract]. Chinese Journal of Gastroenterology 2012;17:110–114.
Singer P, Mason J. The way we eat: why our food choices matter. Emmaus (PA): Rodale, Inc., 2006.
Kanazawa M, Fukudo S. Effects of fasting therapy on irritable bowel syndrome. Int J Behav Med 2006;13:214–220.
Chey WD. The role of food in the functional gastrointestinal disorders: introduction to a manuscript series. Am J Gastroenterol 2013;108:694–697.
Shepherd SJ, Lomer MC, Gibson PR. Short-chain carbohydrates and functional gastrointestinal disorders. Am J Gastroenterol 2013;108:707–717.
Eswaran S, Muir J, Chey WD. Fiber and functional gastrointestinal disorders. Am J Gastroenterol 2013;108:718–727.
Boettcher E, Crowe SE. Dietary proteins and functional gastrointestinal disorders. Am J Gastroenterol 2013;108:728–736.
Feinle-Bisset C, Azpiroz F. Dietary lipids and functional gastrointestinal disorders. Am J Gastroenterol 2013;108:737–747.
Schmulson M, Corazziari E, Dumitrascu D, et al. Is diet related to IBS no matter where you live or what you eat? Milwaukee (WI): WGO Executive Secretariat, 2011.
Kanazawa M, Palsson OS, Thiwan SI, et al. Contributions of pain sensitivity and colonic motility to IBS symptom severity and predominant bowel habits. Am J Gastroenterol 2008;103:2550–2561.
Singh N, Makharia GK, Joshi YK. Dietary survey and total dietary fiber intake in patients with irritable bowel syndrome attending a tertiary referral hospital. Indian J Gastroentrol 2008;27:66–70.
Wahnschaffe U, Schulzke JD, Zeitz M, et al. Predictors of clinical response to gluten-free diet in patients diagnosed with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Clin Gastroenterol H 2007;5:844–850.
Jung HJ, Park MI, Moon W, et al. Are food constituents relevant to the irritable bowel syndrome in young adults? A Rome III based prevalence study of the Korean medical students. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2011;17:294–299.
Senewiratne B, Thambipillai S, Perera H. Intestinal lactase deficiency in Ceylon (Sri Lanka). Gastroenterology 1977;72:1257–1259.
Bolin TD, Davis AE, Seah CS, et al. Lactose intolerance in Singapore. Gastroenterology 1970;59:76–84.
Gonlachanvit S, Mahayosnond A, Kullavanijaya P. Effects of chili on postprandial gastrointestinal symptoms in diarrhoea predominant irritable bowel syndrome: evidence for capsaicin-sensitive visceral nociception hypersensitivity. Neurogastroent Motil 2009;21:23–32.
Mahadeva S, Yadav H, Rampal S, et al. Ethnic variation, epidemiological factors and quality of life impairment associated with dyspepsia in urban Malaysia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010;31:1141–1151.
Cavalli-Sforza LT, Strata A, Barone A, et al. Primary adult lactose malabsorption in Italy: regional differences in prevalence and relationship to lactose intolerance and milk consumption. Am J Clin Nutr 1987;45:748–754.
Vernia P, Marinaro V, Argnani F, et al. Self-reported milk intolerance in irritable bowel syndrome: what should we believe? Clin Nutr 2004;23:996–1000.
Carboni S, Cantarini R, Badiali D, et al. Abdominal pain and bloating differ in relation to eating and defecation in IBS patients. Gastroenterology 2007;132 (Suppl 2):A-676.
Bellini M, Tosetti C, Costa F, et al. The general practitioner’s approach to irritable bowel syndrome: from intention to practice. Digest Liver Dis 2005;37:934–939.
Steptoe A, Wardle J. Health behaviour, risk awareness and emotional well-being in students from Eastern Europe and Western Europe. Soc Sci Med 2001;53:1621–1630.
Pop SL, Dumitrascu DL, Curta O, et al. e-Registry of dyspepsia in Transylvania. Rom J Intern Med 2012; 50:89–91.
Schmulson M, Vargas JA, Lopez-Colombo A, et al. Prevalence and clinical characteristics of the IBS subtypes according to the Rome III criteria in patients from a clinical, multicentric trial. A report from the Mexican IBS Working Group. Rev Gastroenterl Mex 2010;75:427–438.
Gibson PR, Shepherd SJ. Evidence-based dietary management of functional gastrointestinal symptoms: The FODMAP approach. J Gastroen Hepatol 2010;25:252–258.
Ramalho RA, Saunders C. The nutrition education role in the combat against micronutrient deficiencies. Rev Nutr 2000;13:11–16.
Soares RL, Figueiredo HN, Maneschy CP, et al. Correlation between symptoms of the irritable bowel syndrome and the response to the food extract skin prick test. Braz J Med Biol Res 2004;37:659–662.
Bernardes-Silva CF, Pereira AC, de Fatima Alves da Mota G, et al. Lactase persistence/non-persistence variants, C/T_13910 and G/A_22018, as a diagnostic tool for lactose intolerance in IBS patients. Clin Chim Acta 2007;386:7–11.
Lesch KP, Bengel D, Heils A, et al. Association of anxiety-related traits with a polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene regulatory region. Science 1996;274:1527–1531.
Heils A, Teufel A, Petri S, et al. Functional promoter and polyadenylation site mapping of the human serotonin (5-HT) transporter gene. J Neural Transm-Gen 1995;102:247–254.
Greenberg BD, Tolliver TJ, Huang SJ, et al. Genetic variation in the serotonin transporter promoter region affects serotonin uptake in human blood platelets. Am J Med Genet 1999;88:83–87.
Caspi A, Sugden K, Moffitt TE, et al. Influence of life stress on depression: moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene. Science 2003;301:386–389.
Hariri AR, Mattay VS, Tessitore A, et al. Serotonin transporter genetic variation and the response of the human amygdala. Science 2002;297:400–403.
Pezawas L, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Drabant EM, et al. 5-HTTLPR polymorphism impacts human cingulate-amygdala interactions: a genetic susceptibility mechanism for depression. Nature Neurosci 2005;8:828–834.
Camilleri M, Katzka DA. Genetic epidemiology and pharmacogenetics in irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2012;302:G1075–G1084.
Fukudo S, Kanazawa M, Mizuno T, et al. Impact of serotonin transporter gene polymorphism on brain activation by colorectal distention. NeuroImage 2009;47:946–951.
Mizuno T, Aoki M, Shimada Y, et al. Gender difference in association between polymorphism of serotonin transporter gene regulatory region and anxiety. J Psychosom Res 2006;60:91–97.
Kano M, Mizuno T, Kawano Y, et al. Serotonin transporter gene promoter polymorphism and alexithymia. Neuropsychobiology 2012;65:76–82.
Hanna GL, Himle JA, Curtis GC, et al. Serotonin transporter and seasonal variation in blood serotonin in families with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 1998;18:102–111.
Gelernter J, Kranzler H, Coccaro EF, et al. Serotonin transporter protein gene polymorphism and personality measures in African American and European American subjects. Am J Psychiat 1998;155:1332–1338.
Gelernter J, Kranzler H, Cubells JF. Serotonin transporter protein (SLC6A4) allele and haplotype frequencies and linkage disequilibria in African- and European-American and Japanese populations and in alcohol-dependent subjects. Hum Genet 1997;101:243–246.
Persico AM, Militerni R, Bravaccio C, et al. Lack of association between serotonin transporter gene promoter variants and autistic disorder in two ethnically distinct samples. Am J Med Genet 2000;96:123–127.
Nakamura T, Muramatsu T, Ono Y, et al. Serotonin transporter gene regulatory region polymorphism and anxiety-related traits in the Japanese. Am J Med Genet 1997;74:544–545.
Arinami T, Ohtsuki T, Yamakawa-Kobayashi K, et al. A synergistic effect of serotonin transporter gene polymorphism and smoking in association with CHD. Thromb Haemostasis 1999;81:853–856.
Sakado K, Sakado M, Muratake T, et al. A psychometrically derived impulsive trait related to a polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) in a Japanese nonclinical population: assessment by the Barratt impulsiveness scale (BIS). Am J Med Genet B 2003;121B:71–75.
Yoshida K, Ito K, Sato K, et al. Influence of the serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region on the antidepressant response to fluvoxamine in Japanese depressed patients. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2002;26:383–386.
Smeraldi E, Zanardi R, Benedetti F, et al. Polymorphism within the promoter of the serotonin transporter gene and antidepressant efficacy of fluvoxamine. Mol Psychiatr 1998;3:508–511.
Wagner GJ, Maguen S, Rabkin JG. Ethnic differences in response to fluoxetine in a controlled trial with depressed HIV-positive patients. Psychiatr Serv 1998;49:239–240.
Way BM, Lieberman MD. Is there a genetic contribution to cultural differences? Collectivism, individualism and genetic markers of social sensitivity. Soc Cogn Affect Neur 2010;5:203–211.
Chiao JY, Blizinsky KD. Culture-gene coevolution of individualism-collectivism and the serotonin transporter gene. Proc Biol Sci 2010;277:529–537.
Schmulson M, Bielsa MV, Carmona-Sánchez R, et al. Microbiota, gastrointestinal infections, low-grade inflammation and antibiotic-based treatment in irritable bowel sindrome (IBS). An evidence based review. Rev Gastroenterl Mex 2014;79:96–134.
Rodriguez-Fandino O, Hernandez-Ruiz J, Lopez-Vidal Y, et al. Intestinal recruiting and activation profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to pathogen-associated molecular patterns stimulation in patients with IBS. Neurogastroent Motil 2013;25:872-e699.
Cremon C, Pallotti F, Morselli-Labate AM, et al. Acute salmonella gastroenteritis occurring early in life but not in adulthood is a risk factor for post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PIIBS) in the long term. Gastroenterology 2013;144:S-724.
Villani AC, Lemire M, Thabane M, et al. Genetic risk factors for post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome following a waterborne outbreak of gastroenteritis. Gastroenterology 2010;138:1502–1513.
Schmulson M, Chey WD. Abnormal immune regulation and low-grade inflammation in IBS: does one size fit all? Am J Gastroenterol 2012;107:273–275.
Ortiz-Lucas M, Saz-Peiro P, Sebastian-Domingo JJ. Irritable bowel syndrome immune hypothesis. Part two: the role of cytokines. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2010;102:711–717.
Bashashati M, Rezaei N, Shafieyoun A, et al. Cytokine imbalance in irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Neurogastroent Motil 2014;26:1036–1048.
Bashashati M, Rezaei N, Bashashati H, et al. Cytokine gene polymorphisms are associated with irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurogastroent Motil 2012;24:1102-e1566.
Schmulson M, Pulido-London D, Rodriguez O, et al. IL-10 and TNF-alpha polymorphisms in subjects with irritable bowel syndrome in Mexico. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2013;105:392–399.
Dominguez-Bello MG, Costello EK, Contreras M, et al. Delivery mode shapes the acquisition and structure of the initial microbiota across multiple body habitats in newborns. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010;107:11971–11975.
Simren M, Barbara G, Flint HJ, et al. Intestinal microbiota in functional bowel disorders: a Rome foundation report. Gut 2013;62:159–176.
Zoetendal EG, Rajilic-Stojanovic M, de Vos WM. High-throughput diversity and functionality analysis of the gastrointestinal tract microbiota. Gut 2008;57:1605–1615.
Arumugam M, Raes J, Pelletier E, et al. Enterotypes of the human gut microbiome. Nature 2011;473:174–180.
De Filippo C, Cavalieri D, Di Paola M, et al. Impact of diet in shaping gut microbiota revealed by a comparative study in children from Europe and rural Africa. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010;107:14691–14696.
Freedberg DE, Salmasian H, Friedman C, et al. Proton pump inhibitors and risk for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection among inpatients. Am J Gastroenterol 2013;108:1794–1801.
Ford AC, Spiegel BM, Talley NJ, et al. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in irritable bowel syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol H 2009;7:1279–1286.
Khoshini R, Dai SC, Lezcano S, et al. A systematic review of diagnostic tests for small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. Dig Dis Sci 2008;53:1443–1454.
Bratten JR, Spanier J, Jones MP. Lactulose breath testing does not discriminate patients with irritable bowel syndrome from healthy controls. Am J Gastroenterol 2008;103:958–963.
Lombardo L, Foti M, Ruggia O, et al. Increased incidence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth during proton pump inhibitor therapy. Clin Gastroenterol H 2010;8:504–508.
Choung RS, Locke GR, Schleck CD, et al. Associations between medication use and functional gastrointestinal disorders: a population-based study. Neurogastroent Motil 2013;25:413–419, e298.
Keszthelyi D, Dackus GH, Masclee GM, et al. Increased proton pump inhibitor and NSAID exposure in irritable bowel syndrome: results from a case-control study. BMC Gastroenterol 2012;12:121.
Schmulson M, Frati A. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are associated with the onset of bowel symptoms especially those related to diarrhea. Gastroenterology 2015;148 (Suppl 1):S-664.
Wikipedia. BRICS. Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BRICS.
Martin E. Move over, BRICs. Here come the MISTs. Available at: http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2012–08–09/move-over-brics-dot-here-come-the-mists.
Martin E. Goldman Sachs’s MIST topping BRICs as smaller markets outperform. Available at: http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012–08–07/goldman-sachs-s-mist-topping-brics-as-smaller-markets-outperform.html.
Rothschild SK. Cross-cultural issues in primary care medicine. Dis Mon 1998;44:293–319.
Dimsdale JE. Stalked by the past: the influence of ethnicity on health. Psychosom Med 2000;62:161–170.
Ng B, Dimsdale JE, Rollnik JD, et al. The effect of ethnicity on prescriptions for patient-controlled analgesia for post-operative pain. Pain 1996;66:9–12.
Quality first: better health care for all Americans. Final report of the President’s Advisory Commission on Consumer Protection and Quality in the Health Care Industry. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1998.
Rolland JS. Families, illness & disability: an integrative treatment model. New York, NY: Basic Books, 1994.
Eisenberg L. Disease and illness. Distinctions between professional and popular ideas of sickness. Cult Med Psychiatry 1977;1:9–23.
Ware NC, Kleinman A. Culture and somatic experience: the social course of illness in neurasthenia and chronic fatigue syndrome. Psychosom Med 1992;54:546–560.
Helman CG. Communication in primary care: the role of patient and practitioner explanatory models. Soc Sci Med 1985;20:923–931.
Sperber AD, Drossman DA, Quigley E. IBS—The global perspective (a Rome Foundation-WGO symposium). Am J Gastroenterol 2012;107:1602–1609.
Carrillo JE, Green AR, Betancourt JR. Cross-cultural primary care: a patient-based approach. Ann Intern Med 1999;130:829–834.
Peters A, Rogers A, Salmon P, et al. What do patients choose to tell their doctors? Qualitative analysis of potential barriers to reattributing medically unexplained symptoms. J Gen Intern Med 2008;24:443–449.
Charmaz K. Good days, bad days: the self in chronic illness and time. New Brunswick (NJ): Rutgers University Press, 1977.
Kleinman A, Benson P. Anthropology in the clinic: the problem of cultural competency and how to fix it. PLoS Med 2006;3:e294.
Kripalani S, Bussey-Jones J, Katz MG, et al. A prescription for cultural competence in medical education. J Gen Intern Med 2006;21:1116–1120.
DelVecchio Good M. American medicine: the quest for competence. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995.
Betancourt JR. Cultural competence—marginal or mainstream movement? New Engl J Med 2004;351:953–955.
Fadiman A. The spirit catches you and you fall down. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1998.
Clark DM. A cognitive approach to panic. Behav Res Ther 1986;24:461–470.
Tirodkar MA, Baker DW, Khurana N, et al. Explanatory models of coronary heart disease among South Asian immigrants. Patient Educ Couns 2011;85:230–236.
Sumathipala A, Siribaddana S, Hewege S, et al. Understanding the explanatory model of the patient on their medically unexplained symptoms and its implication on treatment development research: a Sri Lanka Study. BMC Psychiatry 2008;8:54.
Santos SJ, Hurtado-Ortiz MT, Sneed CD. Illness beliefs regarding the causes of diabetes among Latino college students. Hispanic J Behav Sci 2009;31:395–412.
Brody H. The physician-patient relationship. In: Veatch R, ed. Medical ethics. 2nd ed. London: Jones and Bartlett Publishers International, 1989:75–102.
Ad Hoc Committee on Health Literacy for the Council on Scientific Affairs, American Medical Association. Health literacy: report of the Council on Scientific Affairs. J Amer Med Assoc 1999;281:552–557.
Baker DW, Parker RM, Williams MV, et al. The health care experience of patients with low literacy. Arch Fam Med 1996;5:329–334.
Spandorfer JM, Karras DJ, Hughes LA, et al. Comprehension of discharge instructions by patients in an urban emergency department. Ann Emerg Med 1995;25:71–74.
Combes JR, Arespacochaga E. Physician competencies for a 21st century health care system. J Grad Med Educ 2012;4:401–405.
Morrison T, Conaway WA. Kiss, bow or shake hands. Avon (MA): Avon Books, 2006.
McGoldrick M, Giordano J, Garcia-Petro N. Ethnicity and family therapy. New York: The Guilford Press, 2005.
Weihs K, Fisher L, Baird MA. Families, health and behavior. Fam Syst Health 2002;20:7–46.
Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Fisher LD, Ogrocki P, et al. Marital quality, marital disruption, and immune function. Psychosom Med 1987;49:13–34.
Brummett BH, Barefoot JC, Feaganes JR, et al. Hostility in marital dyads: associations with depressive symptoms. J Behav Med 2000;23:95–105.
Ots T. The angry liver, the anxious heart and the melancholy spleen. The phenomenology of perceptions in Chinese culture. Cult Med Psychiatry 1990;14:21–58.
Sullivan MJ, Thorn B, Haythornthwaite JA, et al. Theoretical perspectives on the relation between catastrophizing and pain. Clin J Pain 2001;17:52–64.
Gerson CD, Gerson MJ. A cross-cultural perspective on irritable bowel syndrome. Mt Sinai J Med 2010;77:707–712.
Wong RK, Drossman DA, Weinland SR, et al. Partner burden in irritable bowel syndrome. Clin Gastroenterol H 2013;11:151–155.
Zaman RM. Psychotherapy in the third world. Some impressions from Pakistan. In: Giden UP, Adler LL, Milgram NA, eds. Psychology in internal perspective Amsterdam: Swers & Zeitlinger, 1992:314–320.
Sperber AD, Friger M, Shvartzman P, et al. Rates of functional bowel disorders among Israeli Bedouins in rural areas compared to those who moved to permanent towns. Clin Gastroenterol H 2005;3:342–348.
Sperber AD, Shvartzman P, Friger M, et al. A comparative reappraisal of the Rome II and Rome III diagnostic criteria: are we getting closer to the ‘true’ prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome? Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007;19:441–447.
Levy RL, Whitehead WE, Walker LS, et al. Increased somatic complaints and health-care utilization in children: effects of parent IBS status and parent response to gastrointestinal symptoms. Am J Gastroenterol 2004;99:2442–2451.
Rothbaum F, Pott M, Azuma H, et al. The development of close relationships in Japan and the United States: paths of symbiotic harmony and generative tension. Child Dev 2000;71:1121–1142.
Gerson M-J, Gerson CD. A collaborative family systemic approach to treating chronic illness: irritable bowel syndrome as exemplar. Contemp Fam Ther 2005;27:37–49.
National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Complementary, alternative, or integrative health: what’s in a name? Available at: http://nccam.nih.gov/health/whatiscam.
Eisenberg DM, Davis RB, Ettner SL, et al. Trends in alternative medicine use in the United States, 1990–1997: results of a followup national survey. J Amer Med Assoc 1998;280:1569–1575.
MacLennan AH, Myers SP, Taylor AW. The continuing use of complementary and alternative medicine in South Australia: costs and beliefs in 2004. Med J Australia 2006;184:27–31.
Crawford NW, Cincotta DR, Lim A, et al. A cross-sectional survey of complementary and alternative medicine use by children and adolescents attending the University Hospital of Wales. BMC Complem Altern M 2006;6:16.
Onyiapat JL, Okoronkwo IL, Ogbonnaya NP. Complementary and alternative medicine use among adults in Enugu, Nigeria. BMC Complem Altern M 2011;11:19.
van Tilburg MA, Palsson OS, Levy RL, et al. Complementary and alternative medicine use and cost in functional bowel disorders: a six month prospective study in a large HMO. BMC Complem Altern M 2008;8:46.
Koloski NA, Talley NJ, Huskic SS, et al. Predictors of conventional and alternative health care seeking for irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2003;17:841–851.
Kong SC, Hurlstone DP, Pocock CY, et al. The incidence of self-prescribed oral complementary and alternative medicine use by patients with gastrointestinal diseases. J Clin Gastroenterol 2005;39:138–141.
Smart HL, Mayberry JF, Atkinson M. Alternative medicine consultations and remedies in patients with the irritable bowel syndrome. Gut 1986;27:826–828.
Ljotsson B, Falk L, Vesterlund AW, et al. Internet-delivered exposure and mindfulness based therapy for irritable bowel syndrome—a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther 2010;48:531–539.
Ljotsson B, Hedman E, Lindfors P, et al. Long-term follow-up of internet-delivered exposure and mindfulness based treatment for irritable bowel syndrome. Behav Res Ther 2011;49:58–61.
Moses RE, McNeese LG, Feld LD, et al. Social media in the health-care setting: benefits but also a minefield of compliance and other legal issues. Am J Gastroenterol 2014;109:1128–1132.
Seifert B, Rubin G, de Wit N, et al. The management of common gastrointestinal disorders in general practice: a survey by the European Society for Primary Care Gastroenterology (ESPCG) in six European countries. Digest Liver Dis 2008;40:659–666.
Kanazawa M, Whitehead WE, Palsson OS, et al. Medical care for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in Japan compared to the US. Gastroenterology 2012;142:S10.
Kellow J, Lee OY, Chang FY, et al. An Asia-Pacific, double blind, placebo controlled, randomised study to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of tegaserod in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Gut 2003;52:671–676.
Muller-Lissner S, Rykx A, Kerstens R, et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of prucalopride in elderly patients with chronic constipation. Neurogastroent Motil 2010;22:991–998.
Sperber AD. Translation and validation of study instruments for cross-cultural research. Gastroenterology 2004;126:S124–S128.
Kulis D, Arnott M, Greimel ER, et al. Trends in translation requests and arising issues regarding cultural adaptation. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2011;11:307–314.
Sperber AD, DeVellis RF, Boehlecke B. Cross-cultural translation: methodology and validation. J Cross Cult Psychol 1994;25:501–524.
Diaz-Loving R. Contributions of Mexican ethnopsychology to the resolution of the etic-emic dilemma in personality. J Cross Cult Psychol 1998;29:104–118.
Brislin R, Lonner W, Thorndike R. Questionnaire wording and translation. Cross-cultural research methods. New York: Wiley, 1973:32–58.
Brislin RW. Translation and content analysis of oral and written material. In: Triandis HC, Berry JW, eds. Handbook of cross-cultural psychology. Volume 2. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1980:Chapter 10.
Prince R, Mamboour W. A technique for improving linguistic equivalence in cross-cultural surveys. Int J Soc Psychiatry 1967;13:229–237.
FDA & US Department of Health and Human Services. Guidance for industry. Patient-reported outcome measures: use in medical product development to support labelling claims. Available at: www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Guidances/UCM193282.pdf.
Gwaltney C, Shields A, Shiffman S. White paper PRO consulting: equivalence of computerized and paper and pencil PRO measures. Pittsburgh: PRO Consulting, 2006.
Coons SJ, Gwaltney CJ, Hays RD, et al. Recommendations on evidence needed to support measurement equivalence between electronic and paper-based patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures: ISPOR ePRO Good Research Practices Task Force report. Value Health 2009;12:419–429.
Gwaltney CJ, Shields AL, Shiffman S. Equivalence of electronic and paper-and-pencil administration of patient-reported outcome measures: a meta-analytic review. Value Health 2008;11:322–333.

You must be logged in with a subscription to access this page. Click here to login.